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Singapore embarked on it Smart Nation journey in 2014, with PM Lee Hsien Loong outlining the vision of a “A nation where people live meaningful and fulfilled lives, enabled seamlessly by technology, offering exciting opportunities for all.”
Singapore already had the foundations in place. In fact, it was already on its way towards that vision. Singapore was a connected city with nearly universal broadband access and one of the highest smartphone penetrations in the world. The Government embraced technology to deliver digital services to citizens. Medical records were being integrated.
Since then significant progress has been made. (Click here for some of the milestones. A recently released case study from the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) offering an evaluation of Singapore’s progress in meeting the objectives of the country’s ‘Smart Nation’ strategy offers an excellent summary of the achievements.)
But in February this year, PM Lee expressed dissatisfaction with the pace of progress and talked about the need to move faster on the adoption of technology and Smart Nation initiatives.
This year, the Government carried out organisational restructuring to enable the Government to be more integrated and responsive in strategy and processes for its Smart Nation and Digital Government (SNDG) objectives.
A new body, called the Smart Nation and Digital Government Office (SNDGO) has been formed under the Prime Minister’s Office (PMO), comprising staff from the Digital Government Directorate of the Ministry of Finance (MOF), the Government Technology Policy department in the Ministry of Communications and Information (MCI), and the Smart Nation Programme Office (SNPO) in the PMO. The Government Technology Agency (GovTech), which drives digital transformation within the public sector, has been placed under the PMO and it has assumed the role of the implementing agency for the SNDGO. The SNDGO and GovTech together form the Smart Nation and Digital Government Group (SNDGG).
The Government identified five national strategic projects which the government will focus on in the immediate future:
- National Digital Identity (NID) framework, for citizens and businesses to transact digitally in a convenient and secure manner
- e-Payments drive, to allow everyone to make simple, swift, seamless, and safe payments
- Smart Nation Sensor Platform (SNSP), to accelerate the deployment of sensors and other IOT (Internet of Things) devices that will make our city more liveable and secure
- Smart Urban Mobility, to leverage data and digital technologies, including artificial intelligence and autonomous vehicles, to further enhance the public transport commute
- Moments of Life (MOL), which bundles relevant government services, across different agencies, to the citizen at key moments of his life. This reduces the need for citizens to transact with multiple government agencies, for a more seamless and convenient experience.
But Smart Nation is not just about the government’s strategies and actions. It is essential to have the private sector as partners on the journey. Academia also plays a key role by providing the research foundations and also, educating the next generation and equipping them with the skills required for today’s digital economy.
The Government released the Committee on the Future Economy (CFE) report in February with seven mutually-reinforcing strategies: 1) 1. Deepen and diversify international connections; 2) acquire and utilise deep skills; 3) Strengthen enterprise capabilities to innovate and scale up; 4) Build strong digital capabilities; 5) Develop a vibrant and connected city of opportunity; 6) Develop and implement Industry Transformation Maps (ITMs); and 7) Partner each other to enable innovation and growth.
The Singapore government has demonstrated strong commitment to bringing together different government agencies, local and international private enterprises, including large corporates, SMEs and startups, as well as academia and research institutions, to drive the Smart Nation journey.
Below we take a look at how some of the Singapore Government agencies (or government linked agencies) have contributed towards Smart Nation. Some are providers of digital services. Some are enabling digital transformation within the government. Others are seeking to facilitate the building and growth of innovative ecosystems. Yet others are regulators ensuring that the risk of adverse outcomes is minimised. Sometimes, one agency plays more than one of these roles.
Several of the initiatives listed below involve more than one government agency. Often institutes of higher learning and/ or the private sector are also involved.
Much of the work done during 2017 is about laying the foundations for the future.
Agency for Science, Technology and Research
The Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) is Singapore’s lead public sector agency that spearheads economic oriented research.
A*STAR and its research institutes are involved in a wide range of collaborations with the public sector local and international universities, as well as industry to conduct pathbreaking research which can further economic growth and improve lives. Below are just a few examples of initiatives A*STAR announced during 2017.
In July 2017, it was announced that A*STAR will open two model factories at A*STAR’s Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology (SIMTech) and Advanced Remanufacturing and Technology Centre (ARTC), under the RIE 2020 plan, to simulate production environments where companies can experiment and learn new manufacturing technologies, allowing SMEs to test new technologies with the help of public sector researchers.
In September, A*STAR signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with 13 companies who have expressed interest to form a consortium with capabilities spanning across the entire IIoT (Industrial Internet-of-Things) value chain. The IIoT Initiative will focus on the digitalisation of industrial customer care, to meet the demand from forward looking companies that are placing greater business emphasis on aftermarket service and support.
A*STAR has also launched an IIoT Research Programme, bringing together multi-disciplinary capabilities from A*STAR research institutes, National University of Singapore (NUS), Nanyang Technological University (NTU), and Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD). This programme is supposed to focus Singapore’s efforts on IIoT, especially in the development of highly reliable industrial wireless communications, advanced data analytics, and industrial cyber physical security for cognitive and secure IIoT systems.
A*STAR, Rolls-Royce, and Singapore Aero Engine Services Private Limited (SAESL), announced in September that they will invest up to S$60 million to set up a Joint Lab for the development of Smart Manufacturing technologies for the aerospace industry.
A*STAR and NUS also signed a MoU with leading pharmaceutical companies GlaxoSmithKline (GSK), Pfizer, and Merck Sharp & Dohme (MSD) to establish the Pharma Innovation Programme Singapore (PIPS). The focus areas for PIPS include continuous manufacturing, bio-catalysis, process analytical technology, advanced process control, and enhanced pharmaceutical operations.The focus areas for PIPS include continuous manufacturing, bio-catalysis, process analytical technology, advanced process control, and enhanced pharmaceutical operations.
Recently, A*STAR signed a MoU with SingHealth, the largest healthcare group in Singapore, focusing on: (i) harnessing big data in precision medicine; (ii) utilising smart health in a diabetes clinic of the future; and (iii) innovation in immunotherapy and drug development.
Building and Construction Authority
The Building and Construction Authority (BCA) is an agency under the Ministry of National Development, championing the development of an excellent built environment for Singapore.
The ITM for the construction industry was launched in October. The ITM recognises key global trends which impact the sector such as the digital revolution, rapid urbanisation and climate change and identifies Integrated Digital Delivery (IDD), Design for Manufacturing and Assembly (DfMA), as well as green building as key transformation areas to address the challenges faced by the sector.
It envisions an advanced and integrated construction sector with widespread adoption of leading technologies, led by progressive and collaborative firms well-poised to capture business opportunities, and supported by a skilled and competent workforce.
During 2017, BCA also reviewed its 3rd Green Building Masterplan, which was released in 2014. New initiatives based on the review will be rolled out in phases for enhancing the indoor environment quality for occupants, encouraging high energy efficient buildings and greening existing buildings and spaces.
BCA will pilot a new set of criteria for the Green Mark for Existing Non-Residential Buildings (GM ENRB: 2017) scheme for one year, which include enhanced requirements for building owners to improve the IEQ for its occupants and adopt smart control systems to operate the buildings. For instance, smart building controls and strategies are being introduced in GM ENRB: 2017 in the areas of energy monitoring, demand control, as well as integration and analytics.
Previously, In July, BCA announced a partnership with the Singapore-Berkeley Building Efficiency and Sustainability in the Tropics (SinBerBEST), to embark on a research collaboration to transform BCA’s flagship Zero Energy Building (ZEB) into a positive energy building.
BCA’s SkyLab, a state-of-the-art rotatable test facility on top of a 7-storey building, launched in 2016, has been conducting research in emerging energy efficient technologies, such as smart lighting, chilled beam (an energy efficient technology in air-conditioning) and thermochromic glass.
In November, BCA and d Housing & Development Board (HDB) have launched a Call for Proposal on using drones for Building Facade Inspection. The objective of this Call for Proposal is to develop an integrated inspection system, using advanced image-capturing drone and computing technologies, assisted by artificial intelligence (AI) to perform autonomous defect detection, based on image recognition and machine learning.
Economic Development Board
The Singapore Economic Development Board (EDB), a government agency under the Ministry of Trade and Industry, is responsible for strategies that enhance Singapore’s position as a global centre for business, innovation, and talent.
Many companies have set up centres of innovation and research & development in Singapore over the past one year. (To take a few examples, Capgemini, Procter & Gamble, Dyson, Zuelling Pharma, Expedia, Emerson, Denka, Kurita Water Industries)
In November, EDB launched a world-first tool to help industrial companies harness the potential of Industry 4.0 in a systematic and comprehensive way, in partnership with global testing, inspection, certification and training company TÜV SÜD. The Singapore Smart Industry Readiness Index serves as a diagnostic tool that companies – across all industries and sizes – can use to better understand Industry 4.0 concepts, evaluate the current state of their facilities, architect a comprehensive transformation roadmap and deliver concrete, sustained value for their businesses. (Click here for OpenGov’s in-depth look at the Index).
Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore and Changi Airport Group
The Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore (CAAS) is the regulatory authority for civil aviation in Singapore and continues to provide air navigation service. It also has a role in the growth and development of the air hub and aviation industry, while overseeing and promoting safety in the industry.
The Changi Airport Group (CAG) operates Changi Airport, the primary civilian airport for Singapore, and one of the largest transportation hubs in Southeast Asia.
Changi Airport’s new Terminal 4 commenced operations on October 31 2017. T4 features Fast and Seamless Travel (FAST) suite, which enable passengers self-service options at various stages of departure – check-in, bag drop, immigration and boarding. Facial recognition technology has been introduced for the first time at T4. The technology is integrated in the FAST process to authenticate each passenger’s identity. This automated process replaces the need for manual identity verification by staff.
Changi Airport launched the ‘Changi Airport Living Lab Programme’ in January, in partnership with the Singapore Economic Development Board (EDB) to drive innovation over the coming 5 years. The S$ 50 million Living Lab Programme is expected to facilitate collaboration with innovation-driven companies and start-ups from the private sector, to develop and demonstrate new technology solutions, in a live airport environment.
The Air Transport Industry Transformation Map (ITM), released in April by CAAS, aims to achieve real value-added growth of 16% from 2015 to 2020 and boost productivity by 3-4% per annum. In addition, it sets a target of creating more than 8,000 new jobs in the sector by 2025.
For promoting innovation, CAAS will set up test beds and support companies in experimenting with new technology and processes to solve urgent challenges faced by the aviation industry.
For example, a first-in-the-world Automated Passenger Loading Bridge is being developed by ST Engineering’s advanced engineering centre, which will use precision lasers and cameras, with smart algorithms, to guide the docking process safely and autonomously, even under harsh weather conditions.
Aviation Challenges (click here and here) have been launched to automate labour-intensive processes, in areas such as narrow-body aircraft baggage handling, and build-up and breakdown of cargo pallets and containers.
Innovations such as Autonomous Guided Vehicle trials to transport food items, a one-man remote-controlled aircraft pushback air tug, integration of Internet of Things (IoT) technology into daily ramp operations in the form of Smart Watches and Bluetooth bone conductor headsets are being used for productivity improvement.
In November, CAAS awarded a contract valued at close to S$7 million, to develop a smart digital tower prototype for air traffic control to be trialled at Changi Airport, over a period of 22 months.
CAAS is also looking into 3D-printed cabin parts.
Cyber Security Agency
The Cyber Security Agency (CSA) is the national agency overseeing cybersecurity strategy, operation, education, outreach, and ecosystem development. It is part of the Prime Minister’s Office and is managed by the Ministry of Communications and Information.
A smart nation is a connected nation. And a connected nation is vulnerable to cyberattacks.
In January this year, CSA formed an Industrial Control Systems (ICS) Community to create an information exchange of cybersecurity related matters in a trusted domain. Sector regulators and Critical Information Infrastructure (CII) operators from the Energy, Water. Maritime and Land Transport sectors have joined the community.
The Ministry of Communications and Information (MCI) and the Cyber Security Agency of Singapore (CSA) released a draft Cybersecurity Bill in August. The Bill provides a framework for the regulation of CII. It formalises the duties of CII owners in ensuring the cybersecurity of their respective CIIs and provides CSA with powers to manage and respond to cybersecurity threats and incidents. It also establishes a framework for the sharing of cybersecurity information with and by CSA, and the protection of such information.
Based on feedback received from a public consultation, MCI and CSA said that they would refine the designation of CIIs and work closely with sector regulators to streamline and harmonise the obligations of CII owners under the Bill with their respective sectoral regulations.
CSA also announced the development of a new academy to train cybersecurity professionals. The Academy will provide intermediate to advanced training to cyber defenders in the government, and also invite selected parties in the CII sectors to join in the training. The trainings will be focused on targeted niche areas that go beyond what is normally available in the market.
CSA also continued to enter into several bilateral agreements on cybersecurity cooperation.
Part 2 – Government Technology Agency; Housing & Development Board; Integrated Health Information Systems; Infocomm Media Development Authority; Intellectual Property Office of Singapore; International Enterprise Singapore
Part 3 – Land Transport Authority; Monetary Authority of Singapore; Ministry of Home Affairs; National Environment Agency; National Research Foundation; SkillsFuture Singapore/ Workforce Singapore; SGInnovate
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Researchers from Singapore General Hospital (SGH), A*STAR’s Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), and Duke-NUS Medical School have used artificial intelligence (AI) to speed up the identification of vital biomarkers that can identify patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) at diagnosis who will not respond to standard therapy.
These patients may be eligible for a life-saving bone marrow transplant in the early stages of the illness with this favourable prognosis.
A genetic mutation that causes a tyrosine kinase enzyme to turn on permanently causes CML, a specific type of blood cancer. In the bone marrow, a blood stem cell experiences a mutation that transforms it into an aggressive leukaemic cell that eventually takes over the creation of healthy blood.
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), which turn off the tyrosine kinase that the genetic mutation switched on as a result, are the standard treatment for CML. But not everyone reacts the same way to these medications. Some individuals respond very well to the point that their life expectancy would be regarded as typical, at the other end of the range.
Besides, some individuals do not respond at all, and their sickness develops into a severe condition known as a blast crisis that is resistant to all sorts of conventional therapy.
Finding out if a patient is resistant to TKI therapy earlier could make the difference between survival or early death because the only cure for blast crisis is a bone marrow transplant, which would be most successful when carried out during the early stages of the disease.
“Our work indicates that it will be possible to detect patients destined to undergo blast crisis when they first see their haematologist,” said the study’s senior author and associate professor, Ong Sin Tiong of Duke-NUS’ Cancer & Stem Cell Biology (CSCB) Programme.
He added this may save lives since bone marrow transplants for these patients are most effective during the early stages of CML.
Researchers made an “atlas” of cells by taking samples of bone marrow from six healthy people and 23 people with CML before they were treated. The map let them see the different types of cells in each sample and how many of each type there were. Researchers did RNA sequencing on a single cell and used machine-learning methods to figure out which genes and molecular processes were on and off in each cell.
The work found eight statistically important things about the bone marrow cells before treatment. These things were linked to either sensitivity to treatment with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor or strong resistance to it.
Patients were more likely to react well to treatment if their bone marrow samples showed a stronger tendency toward premature red blood cells and a certain type of “natural killer cell” that kills tumours. As the number of these cells in the bone marrow changed, so did the way the patient responded to treatment.
The study could lead to drug targets that could help people with chronic myeloid leukaemia avoid or delay treatment resistance and blast crisis.
Associate Professor Charles Chuah from Duke-NUS’s CSCB Programme, who is also a Senior Consultant at the Department of Haematology at SGH and National Cancer Centre Singapore (NCCS), cited that the results of treating chronic myeloid leukaemia have gotten much better over the years and that patients now have many options. Knowing which treatment works best for each patient will improve these results even more, and they are excited about the chance of doing so.
The team hopes to use the results to make a test that can be used regularly in hospitals to predict how well a treatment will work.
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For India’s newly inaugurated Parliament building, a revamped version of the Digital Sansad app has been launched to provide a platform to stream parliamentary proceedings. The app is revolutionising communication and collaboration among stakeholders in the sector. It will promote transparency in governance and foster citizen engagement by providing easy access to information and facilitating active participation in the democratic process.
The app aims to cater to the diverse needs of Members of Parliament (MPs), government users, citizens, and secretariat personnel. It offers a range of services tailored to each user group, leveraging state-of-the-art technology to provide an enhanced experience, according to the government.
The revamped Digital Sansad is equipped with a diverse range of advanced features. It serves as a centralised hub for accessing various parliamentary resources. It uses AI to transcribe House proceedings in real-time. The technology enables automatic speech recognition, accurately capturing and transcribing word-by-word spoken in Parliament, ensuring a comprehensive and precise record of the proceedings.
By leveraging AI-enabled transcription techniques, the Digital Sansad app guarantees the availability of precise and dependable records without the need for human intervention in the note-taking process. The approach significantly reduces the risk of errors or omissions, ensuring the accuracy of the transcribed content. Furthermore, it streamlines the documentation process and allows for the easy retrieval of information, benefiting not only MPs and researchers but also the broader public on a large scale.
The Digital Sansad app offers several resources and functionalities to boost parliamentary operations. Users can access information on House business, member participation, debates, Q&As, media galleries, and digital libraries. This comprehensive access enables MPs and citizens to stay informed and engaged in the legislative process. Furthermore, the app acts as a bridge between citizens and their representatives by facilitating open dialogue through the Constituency Connect feature.
By simplifying administrative tasks for MPs, the Digital Sansad app saves valuable time and bridges the gap between their legislative responsibilities and the needs of the public. The direct interaction facilitated by the app ensures transparency, accountability, and responsiveness in the parliamentary processes, thereby fostering a robust democracy. The Digital Sansad 2.0 app is accessible on both Android and iOS platforms.
AI is playing an increasingly significant role in governance in India. The government has recognised the potential of AI to enhance decision-making, streamline administrative processes, and deliver efficient public services. It has also highlighted the importance of protecting data and ensuring the responsible use of AI.
Last month, the Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT-Madras) established the Centre for Responsible Artificial Intelligence (CeRAI), a multidisciplinary research centre dedicated to promoting ethical and accountable advancements in AI-powered solutions for practical applications.
As OpenGov Asia reported, CeRAI aims to establish itself as a leading research facility at both the national and international levels, focusing on fundamental and applied research in Responsible AI and its direct influence on implementing AI systems within the Indian ecosystem.
CeRAI’s main focus will be on generating high-quality research outputs, such as publishing research articles in high-impact journals/conferences, white papers, and patents, among others. It will work towards creating technical resources such as curated datasets (universal as well as India-specific), software, and toolkits pertaining to the field of Responsible AI.
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Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) cards from mobile operators in cell phones are becoming more advanced, and their sizes are getting smaller, making it easier for humans to be more efficient. The SIM card size, which initially started as a mini SIM, evolved into micro SIM and nano SIM, and the latest one is e-SIM or electronic SIM. Owners will no longer need to physically remove and insert SIM cards to connect to the network.
The Ministry of Communication and Information Technology (Kominfo) has announced that it will conduct a study to test the implementation of the Embedded Subscriber Identity Module (eSIM) in Indonesia. This step is part of the government’s efforts to anticipate and leverage the latest telecommunications technology developments. The study aims to comprehensively understand eSIM technology and explore the best ways to implement it effectively in Indonesia.
“The Public Testing Draft for the implementation study of eSIM is intended to gather responses and input from stakeholders involved in the eSIM implementation to improve the study material, thus producing a comprehensive and accurate study to support the eSIM ecosystem in Indonesia,” wrote Kominfo in a written statement.
Kominfo explains that eSIM technology is a promising solution to replace conventional physical SIM cards, enhancing security. By using eSIM, customer identity information is no longer stored in physical form on a card but integrated directly into the electronic device itself. It allows users to easily manage and access various communication services without physically changing SIM cards. Instead, users only need to scan a barcode to activate the eSIM.
The eSIM is embedded within a device and can be remotely activated with a local operator for use in a specific region. Owners of devices with embedded eSIM can also use mobile services from one country to another by activating the card in the destination country. This technology enables individuals to use a single phone with eSIM in multiple countries worldwide, eliminating the need to switch SIM cards for different local mobile operators.
Another advantage of eSIM technology is its larger capacity than conventional physical SIM cards. Users can simultaneously load up to eight different e-SIMs in a single smartphone. Therefore, the larger capacity of e-SIM opens new opportunities and provides greater flexibility in managing communication services. For example, users can have one eSIM for personal use, one eSIM for work, and several additional eSIMs for particular purposes, such as travelling abroad or using different networks.
Users no longer need to physically change SIM cards when switching operators or activating new services. Users can easily activate, deactivate, or switch between registered eSIMs on their devices through software settings. It saves time and provides convenience for users who frequently switch between operators or require access to different types of networks.
Additionally, multiple eSIMs in a single device provide an ideal solution for users with complex communication needs. For example, business owners with various phone numbers or professionals who frequently travel and require connectivity in different countries can easily manage and organise all their services through a single device.
Through this study, the government hopes to understand better the potential and challenges associated with eSIM implementation in Indonesia. It includes evaluating the regulatory and infrastructure needs required to support eSIM adoption and determining the appropriate policy measures to ensure adequate security, privacy, and consumer protection.
By adopting eSIM technology, in the future, Indonesian society can enjoy the benefits and conveniences offered by the latest communication technology while ensuring the protection of data and user security remains intact.
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Partnerships between the public and private sectors to provide AI-based healthcare solutions harness the experience and resources of both sectors, enabling collaboration and knowledge-sharing. This collaboration allows for the development of novel technology and solutions to solve complicated healthcare concerns more effectively.
A Taiwanese venture that creates breakthrough medical software has created an upper respiratory tract evaluation software that is powered by medical artificial intelligence (AI). This product is being utilised as an obstructive sleep apnea treatment evaluation programme that can quickly confirm obstructive sleep apnea sites and identify their aetiology, emphasising its utility as a diagnosis reference software for physicians.
Aside from obstructive sleep apnea, rapid upper respiratory tract assessment can be performed to evaluate orthognathic and laryngeal procedures, as well as pediatric sleep breathing patterns. In 2022, the team cooperated with Taichung Veterans General Hospital, a government-owned hospital in central Taiwan, published their clinical trial results in a reputable journal, and employed the software in conjunction with cardiovascular and geriatric health examinations.
Changes in electrocardiography (ECG) signals related to blood glucose, according to a developer of intuitive tools, employed continuous ECG as the basic algorithm to construct a non-invasive continuous blood glucose monitoring system.
This non-invasive continuous blood glucose monitoring device has undergone clinical trials at Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital’s Division of Nephrology, and more clinical trials will be done at multiple global sites in the future.
An AI companion diagnostic and screening tool for osteoporosis, sarcopenia, leukaemia, cervical cancer, human papillomavirus infection, bladder cancer, and breast cancer has been developed by a medical solutions firm dedicated to women’s health. Taiwan, Singapore, and Vietnam have all accepted most of these instruments.
Likewise, the medical solutions provider presents world-class smart laboratory solutions such as Data-analysis AI workstations, front-end automatic nucleic acid extraction systems, test reagent kits, and information storage systems.
The primary concentration of an interactive technology corporation is the development of rehabilitation service systems and articulation training platforms. Its Smart Health Promotion Service System combines software and hardware, and it is an innovative and effective smart rehabilitation system that employs the world’s first smart knee guard for detecting surface electromyography (sEMG) signals in conjunction with a retro and interactive somatosensory game.
According to reports, even though shared investments in global digital health increased significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic, enthusiasm in various disciplines has begun to wane since the end of the pandemic.
A substantial quantity of capital has flowed to AI-related startups as the use of AI in the healthcare industry has increased. Statistic reports indicate that AI is most used to: improve workflow and coordination between medical staff; predict hospitalisation or mortality rates; aid in diagnosis; or develop chatbots that respond to symptom-related questions and provide diagnostic confirmation and consultation for patients.
Cardiovascular medicine has surpassed oncology as the most popular discipline for digital health applications in the Asia-Pacific region over the past five years. Chatbots and “digital pharmacies” are the two areas with the most potential for future expansion. About 86% of pharmacy proprietors believe that improving the patient experience is the key to future differentiation from other pharmacies.
Public-private partnerships encourage shared risks and rewards. By pooling resources and expertise, both sectors can share the risks associated with research, development, and implementation of AI-based healthcare solutions. Additionally, successful outcomes can be mutually beneficial, with opportunities for commercialisation, market growth, and economic development.
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Prime Minister Pham Minh Chinh and Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese, during a recent meeting, witnessed the formal exchange of multiple cooperation agreements between their countries for science and technology.
The exchange of agreements encompassed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) between Vietnam’s Ministry of Science and Technology (MoST) and Australia’s Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT) focused on enhancing collaboration in the domains of science, technology, and innovation. The agreements are anticipated to reinforce bilateral cooperation, fostering socio-economic progress in both nations.
Prime Minister Pham said the meeting with his Australian counterpart was successful. Both sides comprehensively reviewed all areas of cooperation between the two countries and noted the effective development of the bilateral ties. Political trust, mutual understanding, and respect have been increasingly consolidated through the regular exchange of high-level delegations and contacts.
Notably, economic and trade cooperation has emerged as a prominent area of success, with bilateral trade increasing by 30% to reach nearly US$ 16 billion in 2022. The Minister also emphasised the significant strides made in defence and security cooperation, particularly in peacekeeping operations and cybercrime.
According to Deputy Minister Bui The Duy of MoST, the objective of the agreements is to establish conducive circumstances for the exchange of information regarding science, technology, and innovation endeavours. It aims to identify shared interests in enhancing the partnership, encompassing the activities of the Vietnam-Australia Partnership Programme on Innovation (Aus4Innovation).
The two sides also signed an MoU on the exchange of information on money laundering and terrorism financing between the State Bank of Vietnam (SBV) and the Australia Transaction Reports and Analysis Centre (AUSTRAC).
Vietnam has become one of the 17 prioritised countries in Australia’s innovation strategy. The Australia-Vietnam Enhanced Economic Engagement Strategy has opened doors for both nations to enhance their collaboration in the fields of science, technology, and innovation. Knowledge and innovation have emerged as key foundations of the strategic partnership between Vietnam and Australia.
In Vietnam, a National Strategy for Science-Technology and Innovation Development until 2030 has been issued, highlighting that promoting science, technology, and innovation is the leading national policy playing the role as the main motivation for growth.
The Aus4Innovation initiative was unveiled during the APEC Economic Leaders’ Week in 2017 to support Vietnam in building a robust national innovation system. It aims to assist the country in preparing for and capitalising on the technological opportunities presented by the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The initiative also aims to shape Vietnam’s innovation landscape in the realm of science and technology. Aus4Innovation helps discover emerging fields in the transformation of digital technology, experiment with new partnership models between organisations in public and private sectors, enhance Vietnam’s capability in technology, and formulate policies relating to innovation.
It implements programmes to improve Vietnam’s innovation capacity through research commissioned to underpin preparedness for a digital future, industry-relevant research and technology transfer in agriculture, and modes of creative thinking in education to feed an entrepreneurial and start-up economy.
The Aus4Innovation programme is financially supported by DFAT and co-sponsored by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO). It is implemented in collaboration with MoST.
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When individuals engage in social interactions with others, they encounter a range of emotions. Additionally, they make conscious efforts to either evade or predict these emotional responses based on the words spoken or actions taken. Referred to as the theory of mind, this ability empowers people to deduce the thoughts, wishes, objectives and feelings of those around them.
A computational model which enables forecasting of a range of emotions in individuals was developed by MIT neuroscientists, including joy, gratitude, confusion, regret, and embarrassment. This model closely mimics the social intelligence exhibited by human observers.
It was specifically designed to anticipate the emotional responses of individuals involved in a scenario based on the prisoner’s dilemma. It is a classic game theory scenario in which two people must decide whether to help and cooperate with their partner or betray them.
The construction of the model involved integrating various factors that are believed to impact an individual’s emotional responses. These factors encompassed the person’s desires, expectations in each situation, and whether their actions were being observed. By considering these elements, the researchers aimed to create a comprehensive framework that could capture the complexities of human emotional reactions.
By incorporating these factors, the computational model developed by the researchers aimed to approximate how individuals might express emotions in different contexts. This computational modelling advancement brings humanity closer to unravelling the mysteries of human emotions and enhances the understanding of how individuals perceive and respond to various situations.
Rebecca Saxe, the John W. Jarve Professor of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, a member of MIT’s McGovern Institute for Brain Research, and the study’s Senior Author stated that although comprehensive research has focused on training computer models to infer an individual’s emotional state through facial expressions, it is not the most crucial element of human emotional intelligence. The most critical factor is the capability to anticipate and predict someone’s emotional reaction to events before they occur. This ability holds greater significance in human emotional intelligence.
To simulate the prediction-making process of human observers, the researchers utilised scenarios taken from a British game show named “Golden Balls.” Depending on the game’s outcome, contestants may experience various emotional states, such as joy and relief when both contestants choose to share the winnings, surprise and anger if one contestant steals the pot, or a mix of guilt and excitement when successfully stealing the winnings.
The researchers devised three distinct modules to develop a computational model capable of predicting these emotions. The first module was trained to infer a person’s preferences and beliefs by analysing their actions, employing a technique known as inverse planning.
The second module assesses the game’s outcome with each player’s desired and anticipated outcomes. Subsequently, the third module utilises this information along with the contestants’ expectations to forecast the emotions they might be experiencing.
After implementing and activating the three modules, the researchers employed them on a new dataset obtained from the game show to evaluate the accuracy of the models’ emotion predictions compared to those made by human observers. The results demonstrated a significant improvement in the model’s performance compared to any previous model designed for emotion prediction.
In the future, the researchers are ready to enhance the model’s capabilities by further extending its predictive performance to various scenarios.
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In an era of rapid digital transformation, Malaysia recognises the importance of equipping its youth with the necessary skills to thrive in the digital economy. To address this crucial need, a strategic partnership has been formed to empower the next generation through youth skills development.
This alliance brings together key stakeholders from the government, the private sector, educational institutions and industry experts to collaborate on initiatives that enhance digital competencies among Malaysian youth.
The initiative aims to bridge the digital skills gap by offering comprehensive programmes that cater to the specific needs of Malaysian youth. It focuses on equipping them with the essential digital skills required for success in the modern workforce.
By developing a strong foundation in areas such as coding, data analytics, digital marketing and emerging technologies, youth will be ready to take on the challenges and opportunities in Malaysia’s digital economy.
The plans encompass a range of strategies, such as training programmes, mentorship opportunities, industry collaborations and granting access to digital resources. They not only foster technical skills but also emphasise critical thinking, problem-solving, creativity and entrepreneurship.
Envisioning a future where Malaysian youth lead the way in innovation and contribute to the growth and competitiveness of the digital economy, the partnership strives to empower the next generation with these essential skills. By doing so, they not only aim to fulfil the career aspirations of the youth but also ensure their active participation in driving the nation’s progress.
Fostering Youth Skills in Malaysia’s Digital Economy
Ir Ts Dr Aziyati Yusoff, Head of Strategic Partnership for Youth Skills Development, Ministry of Youth and Sports, emphasises Malaysia’s commitment to bridging the digital skills gap among its youth and aligning them with the demands of the digital economy.
With a forward-thinking approach, she acknowledges the significance of embracing new paradigms and perspectives to stay relevant in an ever-evolving digital landscape. By recognising the need to adapt and equip the younger generation with the necessary skills, Malaysia is poised to nurture a workforce that can effectively contribute to the country’s digital transformation and global competitiveness.
“Currently ranked 33rd in technological advancement, Malaysia aspires to become a regional leader,” Dr Aziyati reveals. “While physical platforms have been emphasised, other factors like education integration, cultural wellness, societal maturity, and economic stability are also important.”
Malaysia acknowledges the significance of coding and technical skills but also places value on soft skills and adaptability. School programmes in the country emphasise a well-rounded approach by incorporating STEM activities, innovation competitions, and even sports to enhance social interaction and problem-solving abilities.
This holistic approach ensures that Malaysian youth not only develop technical proficiency but also cultivate essential interpersonal skills, creativity, and the ability to adapt to various challenges. By nurturing a balanced skill set, Malaysia aims to prepare its youth for the multifaceted demands of the digital era, where both technical expertise and soft skills play integral roles in success.
Dr Aziyati acknowledges the importance of coding classes in Malaysia, recognising their role in fostering skills such as planning, problem-solving, and performance evaluation. The country’s education blueprint focuses on utilising information and communication technology (ICT) to enhance the quality of learning.
This is achieved through the implementation of online classrooms, robotics competitions, and government initiatives like the Digital MakerSpace and Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC). By leveraging these platforms and programmes, Malaysia is actively promoting the integration of technology into education and empowering its youth to thrive in the digital age.
The government promotes inclusivity and equal opportunities through various initiatives that aim to provide practical platforms for knowledge and anticipate the challenges and opportunities brought by technology.
These initiatives aim for wider engagement and to create an environment where students have access to digital resources, hands-on learning experiences and opportunities to showcase their skills.
Advancements in digital technology benefit the economy by creating jobs, improving employability rates, fostering digital content creators, supporting governmental agendas and providing a return on investment.
Smart partnerships with various ministries, including the Ministry of Economy, Ministry of Communications and Digital, Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, and Ministry of International Trade and Industry, contribute to these benefits.
“Smart partnerships ensure the relevance of training and knowledge content, while industries are open to hiring special needs graduates, offering training tailored to their abilities,” Dr Aziyati reiterates.
In the modern world, diverse cultural values and socioeconomic achievements define our lifestyles, Dr Aziyati observes. The Malaysia Digital Economy Blueprint embraces the globalised nature of information systems, which facilitates cultural exchange and emphasises the impact of digital technology on societal resilience and the future-proofing of the economy.
Despite economic challenges, Malaysia’s resources and diversity have facilitated national transformations. The government understands that consistent and continuous investment in youth development through training and education is crucial for ensuring sustainable progress and national sustainability.
The education system and institutions play a crucial role in facilitating successful partnerships and collaborations. Both national and institutional levels are open to innovative ideas and opportunities for partnerships.
The Ministry of International Trade and Industry supports initiatives by the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Higher Education to establish partnerships with other countries. Collaboration with education institutions from countries like the UK, USA, Australia, Germany, European nations, Asian countries and APEC nations is pursued through international knowledge exchange.
Through such partnerships, a wide array of opportunities, initiatives, incentives, and projects are being implemented to benefit the citizens. These activities span various domains, including student and cultural exchange, expert sharing, technology transfer, intellectual discourse and skill mobility.
The aim is to foster mutual growth, facilitate the transfer of knowledge and expertise and create a dynamic environment that promotes innovation and skill development among individuals. As Malaysia promotes the Fourth Industrial Revolution, it requires a highly skilled workforce and smart citizens to attract investment for a better economy.
“To facilitate execution and foster innovation in the digital economy, proper planning and provision in the areas of manpower, machinery, and methods are crucial. Some also emphasise materials and mediums,” Dr Aziyati explains. “Youth entrepreneurs can adopt these approaches to boost productivity.”
Since 2013, the Federal Government has launched various initiatives and projects, including policies on science, technology, and innovation, IoT strategy, Smart City framework, cybersecurity, and the digital economy blueprint, with implementation planned until 2025.
Dr Aziyati agrees that expanding strategic relationships with other countries becomes easier with transparency as governance is visualised through paperless documents, faster approvals, efficient repayment methods and increased output capacity.
While online application processes are already in place, information security, cybercrime, cryptography and privacy concerns must be addressed, she reveals.
Over the past five years, Malaysia has experienced political changes and evolving government institutions. Despite these fluctuations, the youth and future generations remain focused on the impact and development of the digital economy.
“To achieve successful implementation of integrated e-governance, a nation must attain key elements such as political stability, economic prosperity, social harmony, technological modernisation, environmental sustainability, and legal strength,” Dr Aziyati opines. “These factors collectively contribute to effective governance and ensure a holistic approach towards leveraging digital technology for the betterment of society.”
Sustaining the momentum of digital economy efforts and utilising strengths and opportunities can lead to enhanced business, partnerships and economic growth. Transformation and readiness for change are key factors for success, along with incorporating fresh ideas from young minds and a skilled workforce.
Dr Aziyati is convinced that aside from financial assistance, Malaysia can secure long-term stability and progress by implementing a thorough and consistent transformation programme.
The Ministry of Youth and Sports in Malaysia is responsible for the supervision and advancement of eSports players. However, there are existing challenges concerning the welfare of developers within this domain. As a result, the ministry is actively seeking new policies and measures to address and strengthen this aspect, ensuring the well-being and support of young developers in the future.
In her new role overseeing Training Management for skills institutions, Dr Aziyati continues to prioritise partnerships with industry to promote digital technology advancement. To improve governmental institutions, she proposed the following:
- Increase budget allocations for youth in the digital economy
- Expand youth development programmes for mastering digital skills
- Provide more incentives to support youth in adapting to the fast-paced digital world
- Implement transformative programs in STEM, digital education, and school projects
- Foster flexible ideas for national digital improvements
- Reduce bureaucracy in project decision-making processes
- Encourage creativity by minimising organisational hierarchy limitations
- Minimise the use of paper forms
- The transition from old-school work delegations to foster flexibility through collaborative discussions and cooperative deliveries
To realise these improvements, both financial support and organisational adjustments are necessary.
The Ministry of Education has identified a concerning trend where nearly 50% of school leavers are choosing not to pursue higher education. This issue is influenced by several factors, including the high cost of education, a perceived lack of job guarantees, and the belief that courses offered may not provide sufficient marketability compared to the appeal of social media businesses and gig economy jobs.
Dr Aziyati feels it is crucial to conduct a study that examines the relevance of current school curricula, the courses offered by higher education institutions and the demands of industries. Recognising the interdependence among these entities is vital, as failure to address outdated education content and maintain the status quo could result in a substantial gap in producing high-quality graduates.
By understanding the evolving needs of industries and aligning educational programmes accordingly, Malaysia can ensure that its education system remains responsive, equipping students with the necessary skills and knowledge to meet the demands of the job market effectively.
“To inspire young people, it is important to emphasise the importance of passion and willingness to continuously learn, improve and contribute to society,” Dr Aziyati says. “Success requires effort and perseverance, as reflected in the quote: genius is 1% inspiration and 99% perspiration.”
While young people may encounter misleading information and failure, it is part of the learning process. She believes that patience, persistence, and perseverance are key in this journey if one’s pursuits are beneficial to society.
Dr Aziyati strongly believes that by consistently pursuing personal growth and making significant contributions, success and recognition will naturally follow. She feels that this journey should not solely revolve around personal improvement, but also include a commitment to leaving a positive legacy for future generations.
Additionally, it is crucial to acknowledge the inherent value of the learning process itself, which cannot be easily replaced. However, Dr Aziyati acknowledges that individuals may sometimes be influenced by the opinions of others and consequently choose paths that they are not genuinely passionate about.
While quick money-making opportunities may come and go, Dr Aziyati underscores the enduring value of education and the credentials earned through hard work. She encourages individuals to prioritise long-term gains, as the knowledge and skills acquired through education will have a lasting impact throughout their lives.
“By channelling the passion of young people towards constructive and educational endeavours that bring benefits to the nation, we can unleash their potential and make meaningful contributions to their personal and societal growth,” Dr Aziyati concludes.
